Trace Back on 'China' ------ What is it and how did it happen?

 The word China came from 'Chin' or 'Qin', which was a kingdom more than two thousand years ago, the same era when Roman Republic rised. In the total war era following the dissolution of the international order of Zhou Civilization that is called 'Warring States Period', Qin quickly rised as a militarized state. In its cruel and despotic manners, Qin obliterated the rest countries that constituted the ancient Chinese world, and upon the ruins of the international system that gave birth to the Great Sage Confucius, Qin built the first totalitarian emprie in the history of East Asia. 

The atrocities of Qin has been discussed and condemned through out the later two millennia. The deplorable incidents such as the Battle of Changping, the act of incineration of books, the burying of scolars, the corvee and the encouragement of informing, thoroughly distoryed the morality and cultures of the classical civilization, and perpetuated a horrible precedent of totalitarian state. Even after the first Chinese Empire perished for centuries, the tyranny of Qin encouraged countless ambitious rulers to imitate its brutality and inhumanity.

In Qin's agressive expansion, the battles were brutal. The international political ecology deteriorated and the ancient costum law of war was no longer respected. Qin was not the only country who started totalitarianism and militarism reformations, but no doubt it had the most remarkable successes. Starting 356 BC, Qin introduced many policies and laws to weaken its society and strengthen the government power, such as enforcing system of civil registration and forcing large family to separate to increase taxes. After the old structure of villages and families were disintegrated, massive manpower was released from native lifestyles to fullfill the military forces. Qin encouraged its soldiers to fight in a exterminating styles by giving titles and rewards on count of enemies heads a soldier harvested, and soon this army becomes dismissive of any kind of human nature. In the Battle of Changping, the total number of 200,000 surrounded soldiers of Kindom of Zhao were buried (out of 450,000 Zhao soldiers died in this battle). The general who performed such a crime against humanity was given a title of Marquess in Qin. This battle permanently destoryed the bottom line of ethics in ancient China, in the contrast of 400 years before this, when the Duke of Song refused to attack enemy army when they were accrossing the river. Conflicts in the classic Chinese civilization that is called the era of Spring and Autumn were moderate and had minor casualties,when only nobilities fight the war for honors, freeing common men from the pain of total war. Qin changed and then destoryed the ancient civilization of China with the Imperial aparatuses it constructed, forming the monstrosity devouring the remains of the Old civilization that is the First Chinese Empire.